| Adrenal gland | An organ located above each kidney, responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, androgens, and estrogens. |
| Adrenaline | A hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal medulla, involved in the body's fight-or-flight response. |
| Aldosterone | A mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, regulating sodium and potassium balance. |
| Androgen | A sex hormone produced by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex, involved in the development of male characteristics and influencing skin and hair follicles. |
| Benzene ring | A stable hexagonal arrangement of atoms found in the adrenaline molecule and many organic compounds. |
| Bladder | A hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine until it is expelled from the body. |
| Capsule | A thin layer of connective tissue encasing the adrenal gland, providing protection and structural maintenance. |
| Cortex | The outer region of the adrenal gland, responsible for producing various hormones including cortisol, androgens, and mineralocorticoids. |
| Cortisol | A glucocorticoid hormone produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune function. |
| Estrogen | A group of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, influencing the female reproductive system and bone health. |
| Glucocorticoids | A class of corticosteroids involved in metabolism and stress response, produced by the adrenal cortex. |
| Gluconeogenesis | The metabolic process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, stimulated by cortisol. |
| Kidneys | A pair of organs in the abdominal cavity involved in filtering blood, removing waste, and producing urine. |
| Medulla | The inner region of the adrenal gland, producing catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline. |
| Mineralocorticoids | Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, involved in regulating the body's salt and water balance. |
| Noradrenaline | A hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal medulla, involved in increasing blood pressure and preparing the body for action. |
| Ureters | Tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. |
| Zona fasciculata | The thickest layer of the adrenal cortex, producing glucocorticoids like cortisol. |
| Zona glomerulosa | The outermost layer of the adrenal cortex, producing mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. |
| Zona reticularis | The innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, producing sex hormones like androgens. |
