| Adrenal Glands | Glands above the kidneys responsible for producing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. |
| Adrenal Medulla | The inner part of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines in response to stress. |
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) | A hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol. |
| Alveoli | Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | A hormone that regulates water balance by reducing urine volume. |
| Calcitonin | A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels. |
| Catecholamines | Hormones, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, that prepare the body for fight or flight response. |
| Cortisol | A glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates metabolism and stress response. |
| Endocrine Glands | Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. |
| Exocrine Glands | Glands that secrete substances through ducts to an external or internal surface. |
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | A hormone that stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles and spermatogenesis. |
| Glucagon | A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels. |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | A hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration. |
| Hormones | Chemical messengers secreted by glands that regulate various bodily functions. |
| Hypothalamus | A region of the brain that links the nervous system to the endocrine system. |
| Insulin | A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels. |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | A hormone that triggers ovulation and testosterone production. |
| Melatonin | A hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep patterns. |
| Oxytocin | A hormone that stimulates contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. |
| Pancreas | An organ with both digestive and hormonal functions, producing insulin and glucagon. |
| Parathyroid Glands | Glands that regulate calcium levels in the blood. |
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | A hormone that increases blood calcium levels. |
| Pineal Gland | A gland in the brain that produces melatonin. |
| Pituitary Gland | The "master gland" that regulates other hormone glands in the body. |
| Prolactin | A hormone that stimulates milk production. |
| Testosterone | A hormone produced by the testes that influences male secondary sexual characteristics. |
| Thymus | An organ where T lymphocytes mature, crucial for the adaptive immune response. |
| Thyroid Gland | A gland in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism and growth. |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | A hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. |
| Trachea | The windpipe, facilitating the passage of air to the lungs. |
