| Cortex | The outermost part of the kidney, involved in blood filtration and containing the glomeruli. |
| Medulla | The inner region of the kidney, consisting of renal pyramids that taper into papillae. |
| Renal Pyramids | Cone-shaped tissues in the medulla that taper into papillae. |
| Papillae | The innermost ends of the renal pyramids, extending into minor calyces. |
| Minor Calyces | Cup-shaped structures that collect urine from the papillae. |
| Major Calyx | A structure formed by the convergence of several minor calyces, collecting urine. |
| Renal Pelvis | A funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the major calyces and channels it into the ureter. |
| Ureter | The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. |
| Renal Artery | The artery that carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood into the kidney for filtration. |
| Renal Vein | The vein that carries filtered, deoxygenated blood away from the kidney. |
| Hilum | The indented area on the kidney’s surface where the renal artery and vein enter and exit. |
| Nephrons | The functional units of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood. |
