| Arm (brachium) | The part of the upper limb located between the shoulder and the elbow. | | | |
| Elbow joint | The joint connecting the arm and the forearm, comprising the articulation between the humerus and the two forearm bones, ulna, and radius. | | | |
| Brachial artery | The major blood vessel of the upper arm that continues from the axillary artery to supply blood to the arm. | | | |
| Radius | One of the two bones of the forearm, extending from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. | | | |
| Ulna | The longer and larger of the two bones of the forearm, placed on the side opposite to the thumb. | | | |
| Cornea | The transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. | | | |
| Iris | The colored part of the eye, controlling the size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. | | | |
| Lens | The transparent structure inside the eye that focuses light rays onto the retina. | | | |
| Retina | The light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye, which translates light into neural signals for vision. | | | |
| Fovea centralis | A small central pit in the macula of the retina, composed of closely packed cones that is responsible for sharp central vision. | | | |
| Optic nerve | The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. | | | |
| Macula | An area near the center of the retina that is responsible for central vision and high visual acuity. | | | |
| Vitreous humor | The clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the eyeball. | | | |
| Photoreceptors | Cells in the retina that respond to light; they include rods, which are responsible for vision in low light, and cones, for color vision and detail. | | | |
| Sclera | The white outer layer of the eyeball that provides protection and form. | | | |
| Choroid | The vascular layer of the eye between the retina and the sclera, supplying nutrients and oxygen to the eye. | | | |
| Anterior chamber | The fluid-filled space inside the eye between the cornea and the iris. | | | |
| Posterior chamber | The fluid-filled space directly behind the iris but in front of the lens. | | | |
| Conjunctiva | A clear mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera. | | | |
| Lacrimal gland | The gland responsible for producing tears; it is situated in the upper outer region of the orbit, above the eyeball. | | | |
| Aqueous humor | The clear, watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the iris. | | | |
| Myopia | A common vision condition also known as nearsightedness, where distant objects appear blurred. | | | |
| Hyperopia | A vision condition also known as farsightedness, where close objects appear blurred. | | | |
| Astigmatism | A common imperfection in the curvature of the eye's cornea or lens, causing blurred or distorted vision. | | | |
| Retinal detachment | A serious condition where the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. | | | |
| Macular degeneration | An eye disease that may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field due to damage to the macula. | | | |
| Glaucoma | A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often associated with increased pressure in the eye. | | | |
| Cataracts | A condition characterized by clouding of the lens in the eye, leading to a decrease in vision. | | | |
| Conjunctivitis | An eye condition diagnosed by irritation or infection of the conjunctiva, often resulting in redness and swelling. | | | |
| Keratoconus | A progressive eye disease where the normally round cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape. | | | |
| Bullous Keratopathy | A condition causing swelling and blistering of the cornea due to endothelial cell dysfunction. | | | |
| Corneal scarring | Opacity or scarring of the cornea often resulting from injury, infection, or inflammation. | | | |
| Extraocular muscles | The muscles that control the movements of the eye and the elevation of the eyelid. | | | |
| Vitreous floaters | Small flecks or threads of collagen that float in the vitreous humor and cast shadows on the retina, often seen as floaters by the individual. | | | |
